CLAT GurukulSamudraManthan

Topic 063 · Answers

Precautionary principle: development versus safety

All 10 answers, each with its Book 1 RATNA fact. Try the questions first

  1. Question 1Answer B

    August 2026 Rajya Sabha data showed highway quality complaints rising by about what per cent in a year?

    • 25 per cent
    • Correct answer: 60 per cent
    • 85 per cent
    • 40 per cent

    Core Trigger: August 2026 Rajya Sabha data showed highway quality complaints up about 60 per cent in a year, from 7,030 in 2024-25.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 1

  2. Question 2Answer B

    How many collapse or major deficiency incidents did the Ministry report?

    • 62
    • Correct answer: 48
    • 25
    • 36

    Incidents: The Ministry reported 48 collapse or major deficiency incidents; 19 occurred in 2025 and 2026.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 2

  3. Question 3Answer D

    Which Union Minister answered the Rajya Sabha on highway quality?

    • Piyush Goyal
    • Rajnath Singh
    • Ashwini Vaishnaw
    • Correct answer: Nitin Gadkari

    Current Head: Nitin Gadkari, Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways, answered the Rajya Sabha.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 3

  4. Question 4Answer A

    Under the precautionary principle, scientific uncertainty is what?

    • Correct answer: No reason to delay preventing serious harm
    • A basis for later compensation only
    • A ground to delay action
    • Proof that harm is absent

    Key Term: Precautionary principle: where serious harm is possible, scientific uncertainty is no reason to delay prevention.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 4

  5. Question 5Answer C

    The largest penalty, Rs 119 crore, was imposed on the contractor of which highway stretch?

    • Delhi-Meerut NH-9
    • Nagpur-Jabalpur NH-44
    • Correct answer: Bhopal-Biaora NH-46
    • Pune-Satara NH-48

    Data: The largest penalty was Rs 119 crore on the Bhopal-Biaora NH-46 contractor.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 5

  6. Question 6Answer D

    Which of the statements is/are correct? 1. Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration embedded precaution in environmental law. 2. The Rio Declaration was adopted on 14 June 1982.

    • Only 2
    • Both 1 and 2
    • Neither
    • Correct answer: Only 1

    Global Origin: Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration, adopted on 14 June 1992, embedded precaution in environmental law.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 7

  7. Question 7Answer C

    Where does the National Green Tribunal's principal bench sit?

    • Chennai
    • Pune
    • Correct answer: New Delhi
    • Bhopal

    Seat: The National Green Tribunal, which must apply the principle, sits in New Delhi.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 8

  8. Question 8Answer A

    The National Green Tribunal Act of which year created the NGT?

    • Correct answer: 2010
    • 2016
    • 1986
    • 2002

    Founded: The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 created the NGT; its section 20 mandates precaution and polluter pays.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 9

  9. Question 9Answer D

    Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum (28 August 1996) made which pair part of Indian law?

    • Strict liability and nuisance
    • Public trust and intergenerational equity
    • Public trust and absolute liability
    • Correct answer: Precaution and polluter pays

    Landmark: Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v Union of India (28 August 1996): precaution and polluter pays are part of Indian law.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 10

  10. Question 10Answer A

    Which of the statements is/are correct? 1. Article 48A guarantees a wholesome environment. 2. Article 48A directs the State to protect and improve the environment.

    • Correct answer: Only 2
    • Only 1
    • Both 1 and 2
    • Neither

    Articles: Article 21 covers a wholesome environment; Article 48A directs the State to protect and improve the environment.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 063, point 11

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