CBD COP17 in Yerevan: genetic data benefit-sharing

1. Question 1Answer C

   Which city hosts CBD COP17 in October 2026?

   • ACali
   • BMontreal
   • CCorrect answer: Yerevan
   • DKunming

   Core Trigger: The 17th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity runs in Yerevan, Armenia, from 19 to 30 October 2026.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 1

2. Question 2Answer D

   A central agenda item at COP17 is benefit-sharing from what?

   • ACarbon credits
   • BInvasive species trade
   • COcean plastics
   • DCorrect answer: Digital sequence information

   Key Issue: Benefit-sharing from digital sequence information (DSI) on genetic resources is a central agenda item.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 2

3. Question 3Answer B

   Who is the CBD Executive Secretary?

   • AAmy Fraenkel
   • BCorrect answer: Astrid Schomaker
   • CInger Andersen
   • DElizabeth Mrema

   Current Head: Armenia holds the COP17 presidency; Astrid Schomaker is CBD Executive Secretary.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 3

4. Question 4Answer C

   What does digital sequence information mean?

   • ASatellite data on forest cover
   • BOnline maps of marine zones
   • CCorrect answer: Digital data on genetic makeup of organisms
   • DDigital records of species trade

   Key Term: Digital sequence information means digital data on the genetic makeup of organisms.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 4

5. Question 5Answer C

   Consider: 1. The 30x30 target aims to protect 30 percent of land and sea by 2030. 2. The Kunming-Montreal Framework dates from 2022. Which is correct?

   • AOnly 1
   • BOnly 2
   • CCorrect answer: Both 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2

   GBF Target: The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (2022) sets the 30x30 target to protect 30 percent of land and sea by 2030.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 5

6. Question 6Answer B

   Where was COP16 held in 2024?

   • AMontreal
   • BCorrect answer: Cali
   • CNagoya
   • DSharm el-Sheikh

   Earlier Decision: COP16 at Cali (2024) created a multilateral benefit-sharing mechanism and a global fund for DSI users to pay into.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 6

7. Question 7Answer B

   Where is the CBD Secretariat located?

   • ANairobi, Kenya
   • BCorrect answer: Montreal, Canada
   • CBonn, Germany
   • DGeneva, Switzerland

   Headquarters: The CBD Secretariat is in Montreal, Canada.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 8

8. Question 8Answer A

   On which date did the CBD enter into force?

   • ACorrect answer: 29 December 1993
   • B5 June 1992
   • C1 January 1993
   • D17 December 1994

   Founded: The CBD was opened at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit and entered into force on 29 December 1993.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 9

9. Question 9Answer A

   Consider: 1. The Nagoya Protocol (2010) governs access to genetic resources and fair benefit-sharing. 2. It was adopted in 1992. Which is correct?

   • ACorrect answer: Only 1
   • BOnly 2
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither 1 nor 2

   Landmark: The Nagoya Protocol (2010) governs access to genetic resources and fair sharing of benefits.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 10

10. Question 10Answer C

    Under CBD Article 15, access to genetic resources needs prior informed consent and what?

    • APayment of royalties
    • BUN approval
    • CCorrect answer: Mutually agreed terms
    • DPatent registration

    Doctrine: CBD Article 15: states hold sovereign rights over genetic resources; access needs prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 135, point 12

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