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Topic 012 · Polity, Constitution & Governance

Language provisions: Santhali Constitution, Khasi and Garo

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Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA

Core Trigger: On 25 December 2025 President Droupadi Murmu released the Constitution of India in Santhali, in Ol Chiki script.
Theme: 2025 was the centenary of Ol Chiki, the script devised in 1925 by Pandit Raghunath Murmu.
Current Head: Droupadi Murmu is President; the Central Institute of Indian Languages prepared the official Santali edition.
Key Term: A State's official language is adopted under Article 345, separate from Eighth Schedule status.
Data: The Eighth Schedule lists 22 languages; Khasi and Garo are not among them.
Stakeholders: On 16 April 2026 Meghalaya's Cabinet approved the Meghalaya Official Languages Ordinance for Khasi and Garo.
India Link: The 92nd Amendment (2003) added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali, effective 7 January 2004.
Headquarters: The Central Institute of Indian Languages is headquartered in Mysuru.
Founded: The Eighth Schedule began with 14 languages; Sindhi came first, by the 21st Amendment on 10 April 1967.
Landmark: The 71st Amendment (31 August 1992) added Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali.
Articles: Articles 344(1) and 351 refer to the Eighth Schedule; Article 345 governs State languages; Article 213(1) empowers Governors to issue Ordinances.
Doctrine: Eighth Schedule listing and State official status differ: a language can be official in a State without being scheduled.

Question 1 of 10

On 25 December 2025 the President released the Constitution of India in which language and script?

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Answer: (C) Santhali in Ol Chiki

Core Trigger: On 25 December 2025 President Droupadi Murmu released the Constitution of India in Santhali, in Ol Chiki script.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 1

Question 2 of 10

Who devised the Ol Chiki script in 1925?

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Answer: (B) Pandit Raghunath Murmu

Theme: 2025 was the centenary of Ol Chiki, the script devised in 1925 by Pandit Raghunath Murmu.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Which institute prepared the official Santali edition of the Constitution?

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Answer: (C) Central Institute of Indian Languages

Current Head: Droupadi Murmu is President; the Central Institute of Indian Languages prepared the official Santali edition.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 3

Question 4 of 10

Consider the statements: 1. A State's official language is adopted under Article 345. 2. This is separate from Eighth Schedule status. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Key Term: A State's official language is adopted under Article 345, separate from Eighth Schedule status.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 4

Question 5 of 10

How many languages does the Eighth Schedule list?

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Answer: (D) 22

Data: The Eighth Schedule lists 22 languages; Khasi and Garo are not among them.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 5

Question 6 of 10

Meghalaya's Cabinet approved an Official Languages Ordinance on 16 April 2026 for which languages?

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Answer: (A) Khasi and Garo

Stakeholders: On 16 April 2026 Meghalaya's Cabinet approved the Meghalaya Official Languages Ordinance for Khasi and Garo.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 6

Question 7 of 10

Where is the Central Institute of Indian Languages headquartered?

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Answer: (C) Mysuru

Headquarters: The Central Institute of Indian Languages is headquartered in Mysuru.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 8

Question 8 of 10

Which language was the first added to the Eighth Schedule's original 14, by the 21st Amendment?

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Answer: (D) Sindhi

Founded: The Eighth Schedule began with 14 languages; Sindhi came first, by the 21st Amendment on 10 April 1967.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 9

Question 9 of 10

Which languages did the 71st Amendment (31 August 1992) add?

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Answer: (D) Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali

Landmark: The 71st Amendment (31 August 1992) added Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Consider the statements: 1. A language can be official in a State without being in the Eighth Schedule. 2. A scheduled language must be official in every State. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Doctrine: Eighth Schedule listing and State official status differ: a language can be official in a State without being scheduled.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 012, point 12

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