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Topic 053 · Law, Judiciary & Landmark Judgments

Retrospective environmental clearance: Vanashakti 2026

10 MCQs · tap an option to check it · All answers

Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA
  1. Core Trigger: On 29 July 2026 the Supreme Court decided Vanashakti v Union of India (2026 INSC 761), quashing a 2021 clearance memorandum.
  2. Holding: Prior environmental clearance under the EIA Notification 2006 is mandatory unless validly amended by notification.
  3. Current Head: CJI Surya Kant headed the Bench; Justice Joymalya Bagchi wrote the judgment.
  4. Quashed Memo: The MoEFCC Office Memorandum of 7 July 2021 was a perpetual amnesty scheme violating Articles 14 and 21.
  5. Upheld Notice: The Court upheld the 2017 Notification (S.O. 804(E), 14 March 2017) as valid, narrowly tailored, time-bound delegated legislation.
  6. Stakeholders: Clearances already granted stay valid unless challenged on merits; no fresh application lies under either instrument.
  7. India Link: Public-interest projects, such as the AIIMS building in Odisha, supported prospective quashing.
  8. Venue: The judgment came from the Supreme Court of India, New Delhi.
  9. Founded: The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 gave effect to the Stockholm Declaration of June 1972.
  10. Landmark: The EIA Notification of 27 January 1994 introduced prior clearance; the 2006 Notification superseded it with four stages.
  11. Statute: Sections 3(1) and 3(2)(v) of the 1986 Act empower the Centre; General Clauses Act section 21 allows amendment.
  12. Doctrine: Article 142 lets the Court do complete justice, here quashing only prospectively; Articles 48A and 51A(g) underpin environmental protection.
Question 1 of 10

Vanashakti v Union of India (2026 INSC 761) was decided on:

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Answer: (D) 29 July 2026

Core Trigger: On 29 July 2026 the Supreme Court decided Vanashakti v Union of India (2026 INSC 761), quashing a 2021 clearance memorandum.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 1

Question 2 of 10

Prior environmental clearance under the EIA Notification 2006 is mandatory unless validly amended by:

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Answer: (C) Notification

Holding: Prior environmental clearance under the EIA Notification 2006 is mandatory unless validly amended by notification.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Who wrote the Vanashakti judgment?

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Answer: (B) Justice Joymalya Bagchi

Current Head: CJI Surya Kant headed the Bench; Justice Joymalya Bagchi wrote the judgment.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 3

Question 4 of 10

The 7 July 2021 MoEFCC Office Memorandum was held to violate which Articles?

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Answer: (C) Articles 14 and 21

Quashed Memo: The MoEFCC Office Memorandum of 7 July 2021 was a perpetual amnesty scheme violating Articles 14 and 21.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 4

Question 5 of 10

Consider: 1. The 2017 Notification (S.O. 804(E)) was upheld as valid, time-bound delegated legislation. 2. It was issued on 7 July 2021. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Upheld Notice: The Court upheld the 2017 Notification (S.O. 804(E), 14 March 2017) as valid, narrowly tailored, time-bound delegated legislation.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 5

Question 6 of 10

Consider: 1. Clearances already granted are automatically cancelled. 2. No fresh application lies under either instrument. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (B) Only 2

Stakeholders: Clearances already granted stay valid unless challenged on merits; no fresh application lies under either instrument.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 6

Question 7 of 10

In which city is the Supreme Court that decided Vanashakti located?

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Answer: (D) New Delhi

Venue: The judgment came from the Supreme Court of India, New Delhi.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 8

Question 8 of 10

The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 gave effect to which international declaration?

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Answer: (B) Stockholm Declaration

Founded: The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 gave effect to the Stockholm Declaration of June 1972.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 9

Question 9 of 10

The EIA Notification 2006, superseding the 1994 one, set how many stages?

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Answer: (B) Four

Landmark: The EIA Notification of 27 January 1994 introduced prior clearance; the 2006 Notification superseded it with four stages.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 10

Question 10 of 10

In Vanashakti the Court used which Article to quash the memorandum only prospectively?

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Answer: (D) Article 142

Doctrine: Article 142 lets the Court do complete justice, here quashing only prospectively; Articles 48A and 51A(g) underpin environmental protection.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 053, point 12

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