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Topic 065 · International Relations & Organisations

US strikes Venezuela; Monroe Doctrine revived

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Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA
  1. Core Trigger: On 3 January 2026 US forces struck Venezuela and seized President Nicolas Maduro in Operation Absolute Resolve.
  2. Tagline: Commentators called it a revival of the Monroe Doctrine, nicknamed the Donroe Doctrine.
  3. Current Head: Delcy Rodriguez, sworn in as acting president on 5 January 2026, still led Venezuela in late September 2026.
  4. Doctrine Origin: President James Monroe proclaimed the doctrine in 1823 against European interference in the Americas.
  5. Data: Venezuela's economy rests on heavy crude oil, and its reserves rank among the world's largest.
  6. Stakeholders: Maduro was arrested on US drug-trafficking charges after the operation.
  7. India Link: Indian refiners have bought Venezuelan heavy crude, so oil supply and sovereignty norms matter to India.
  8. Capital: Caracas is Venezuela's capital.
  9. Founded: Monroe stated the doctrine in his annual message to Congress on 2 December 1823.
  10. Landmark: Nicaragua v. United States (ICJ, 1986) held that US intervention breached the ban on use of force.
  11. Articles: UN Charter Article 2(4) bars force against sovereignty; Article 51 preserves self-defence.
  12. Doctrine: Article 51 permits self-defence only if an armed attack occurs, until the Security Council acts.
Question 1 of 10

What was the US operation of 3 January 2026 that seized President Maduro called?

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Answer: (A) Operation Absolute Resolve

Core Trigger: On 3 January 2026 US forces struck Venezuela and seized President Nicolas Maduro in Operation Absolute Resolve.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 1

Question 2 of 10

Commentators nicknamed the revived Monroe Doctrine what?

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Answer: (C) Donroe Doctrine

Tagline: Commentators called it a revival of the Monroe Doctrine, nicknamed the Donroe Doctrine.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Who was sworn in as Venezuela's acting president on 5 January 2026?

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Answer: (B) Delcy Rodriguez

Current Head: Delcy Rodriguez, sworn in as acting president on 5 January 2026, still led Venezuela in late September 2026.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 3

Question 4 of 10

Which of the statements is/are correct? 1. President Monroe proclaimed the doctrine in 1823 against European interference in the Americas. 2. The doctrine was proclaimed by Theodore Roosevelt.

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Doctrine Origin: President James Monroe proclaimed the doctrine in 1823 against European interference in the Americas.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 4

Question 5 of 10

Venezuela's economy rests mainly on which resource?

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Answer: (D) Heavy crude oil

Data: Venezuela's economy rests on heavy crude oil, and its reserves rank among the world's largest.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 5

Question 6 of 10

On what charges was Maduro arrested after the operation?

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Answer: (A) US drug-trafficking charges

Stakeholders: Maduro was arrested on US drug-trafficking charges after the operation.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 6

Question 7 of 10

What is the capital of Venezuela?

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Answer: (C) Caracas

Capital: Caracas is Venezuela's capital.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 8

Question 8 of 10

On which date did Monroe state the doctrine in his message to Congress?

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Answer: (B) 2 December 1823

Founded: Monroe stated the doctrine in his annual message to Congress on 2 December 1823.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 9

Question 9 of 10

Which 1986 ICJ judgment held that US intervention breached the ban on use of force?

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Answer: (A) Nicaragua v. United States

Landmark: Nicaragua v. United States (ICJ, 1986) held that US intervention breached the ban on use of force.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Which of the statements is/are correct? 1. Article 51 allows pre-emptive self-defence even without an armed attack. 2. Article 51 permits self-defence until the Security Council acts.

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Answer: (C) Only 2

Doctrine: Article 51 permits self-defence only if an armed attack occurs, until the Security Council acts.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 065, point 12

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