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Topic 111 · International Relations & Organisations

G4 Joint Statement on UN Security Council Reform

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Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA

Core Trigger: On 22 September 2026 the G4 foreign ministers met during UNGA-81 and issued a joint statement on reforming the UN Security Council.
Statement: The statement called the Council an 'anachronistic eight-decades old architecture' and sought expansion in both permanent and non-permanent categories.
Ministers: The ministers were Mauro Vieira (Brazil), Johann Wadephul (Germany), S Jaishankar (India) and Motegi Toshimitsu (Japan).
Key Term: The G4 is a grouping of Brazil, Germany, India and Japan, formed in 2004, each backing the others' bids for permanent Council seats.
Demands: It backed Africa's case, demanded text-based negotiations and rejected a premature 'bridging proposal'.
Stakeholders: Uniting for Consensus, including Italy and Pakistan, opposes new permanent seats.
India Link: India seeks a permanent seat; it last served as a non-permanent member in 2021-22.
Headquarters: The Security Council sits at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, USA.
Founded: The Council was created by the UN Charter, in force on 24 October 1945, with five permanent members.
Landmark: General Assembly resolution 1991 (XVIII) of 1963 enlarged the Council from 11 to 15 members, effective 1965; the only expansion so far.
Articles: Article 23 of the UN Charter fixes composition; Article 108 amendments need ratification by two-thirds, including all permanent members.
Doctrine: Under Article 27(3), substantive decisions need nine votes including the concurring votes of permanent members; a negative vote by any of them is the veto.

Question 1 of 10

The G4 foreign ministers met on 22 September 2026 during which UN General Assembly session?

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Answer: (D) UNGA-81

Core Trigger: On 22 September 2026 the G4 foreign ministers met during UNGA-81 and issued a joint statement on reforming the UN Security Council.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 1

Question 2 of 10

The G4 statement sought Security Council expansion in which categories?

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Answer: (C) Both permanent and non-permanent

Statement: The statement called the Council an 'anachronistic eight-decades old architecture' and sought expansion in both permanent and non-permanent categories.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Who represented Japan among the G4 foreign ministers?

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Answer: (C) Motegi Toshimitsu

Ministers: The ministers were Mauro Vieira (Brazil), Johann Wadephul (Germany), S Jaishankar (India) and Motegi Toshimitsu (Japan).From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 3

Question 4 of 10

In which year was the G4 grouping formed?

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Answer: (A) 2004

Key Term: The G4 is a grouping of Brazil, Germany, India and Japan, formed in 2004, each backing the others' bids for permanent Council seats.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 4

Question 5 of 10

What did the G4 statement reject?

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Answer: (A) A premature 'bridging proposal'

Demands: It backed Africa's case, demanded text-based negotiations and rejected a premature 'bridging proposal'.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 5

Question 6 of 10

Consider the statements. 1. Uniting for Consensus backs new permanent seats for the G4. 2. Italy and Pakistan are members of the G4. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (D) Neither

Stakeholders: Uniting for Consensus, including Italy and Pakistan, opposes new permanent seats.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 6

Question 7 of 10

The Council the G4 seeks to reform sits at UN Headquarters in which city?

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Answer: (D) New York

Headquarters: The Security Council sits at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, USA.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 8

Question 8 of 10

The Security Council was created by the UN Charter, in force on which date?

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Answer: (B) 24 October 1945

Founded: The Council was created by the UN Charter, in force on 24 October 1945, with five permanent members.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 9

Question 9 of 10

General Assembly resolution 1991 (XVIII) of 1963 enlarged the Council from 11 to how many members?

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Answer: (B) 15

Landmark: General Assembly resolution 1991 (XVIII) of 1963 enlarged the Council from 11 to 15 members, effective 1965; the only expansion so far.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Consider the statements. 1. Article 108 amendments need ratification by a simple majority of members. 2. Article 23 of the UN Charter fixes the Council's composition. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (B) Only 2

Articles: Article 23 of the UN Charter fixes composition; Article 108 amendments need ratification by two-thirds, including all permanent members.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 111, point 11

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