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Topic 215 · Environment, Climate & Biodiversity

Contaminated water: Indore and groundwater

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Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA

Core Trigger: Sewage-contaminated piped water in Bhagirathpura, Indore killed at least ten by 2 January 2026 and hospitalised over 270.
Inquiry: On 27 January 2026 the Madhya Pradesh High Court set up a one-member commission of inquiry.
Inquiry Head: Retired Justice Sushil Kumar Gupta heads the commission.
Findings: Reports say the panel linked 24 deaths to sewage contamination and held six civic officials responsible; counts vary.
Disclosure: On 28 September 2026 the High Court's Indore bench ordered the report uploaded online.
Standards: IS 10500 is the BIS drinking-water standard; schemes include Atal Bhujal Yojana and Jal Shakti Abhiyan.
India Link: The National Green Tribunal separately took up arsenic and fluoride contamination of groundwater.
Headquarters: The NGT's Principal Bench sits in New Delhi.
Founded: The National Green Tribunal was established in 2010 under the NGT Act, 2010.
Landmark: Subhash Kumar v State of Bihar (1991) read the right to pollution-free water and air into Article 21.
Articles: Article 21 protects life; water is List II Entry 17, subject to List I Entry 56 on inter-State rivers.
Doctrine: The right to life includes safe drinking water, so the State owes a positive duty to supply it.

Question 1 of 10

In which Indore locality did sewage-contaminated piped water kill at least ten by 2 January 2026?

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Answer: (D) Bhagirathpura

Core Trigger: Sewage-contaminated piped water in Bhagirathpura, Indore killed at least ten by 2 January 2026 and hospitalised over 270.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 1

Question 2 of 10

On 27 January 2026 the Madhya Pradesh High Court set up what to probe the contamination?

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Answer: (A) One-member commission of inquiry

Inquiry: On 27 January 2026 the Madhya Pradesh High Court set up a one-member commission of inquiry.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Who heads the commission of inquiry into the Indore water contamination?

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Answer: (A) Retired Justice Sushil Kumar Gupta

Inquiry Head: Retired Justice Sushil Kumar Gupta heads the commission.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 3

Question 4 of 10

Which statements are correct? 1. Reports say the panel held ten civic officials responsible. 2. Reports say the panel linked 24 deaths to sewage contamination.

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Answer: (B) Only 2

Findings: Reports say the panel linked 24 deaths to sewage contamination and held six civic officials responsible; counts vary.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 4

Question 5 of 10

On 28 September 2026 the High Court's Indore bench ordered the inquiry report to be what?

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Answer: (B) Uploaded online

Disclosure: On 28 September 2026 the High Court's Indore bench ordered the report uploaded online.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 5

Question 6 of 10

IS 10500, issued by the BIS, is the standard for which subject?

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Answer: (D) Drinking water

Standards: IS 10500 is the BIS drinking-water standard; schemes include Atal Bhujal Yojana and Jal Shakti Abhiyan.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 6

Question 7 of 10

Where does the Principal Bench of the National Green Tribunal sit?

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Answer: (C) New Delhi

Headquarters: The NGT's Principal Bench sits in New Delhi.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 8

Question 8 of 10

In which year was the National Green Tribunal established under the NGT Act?

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Answer: (B) 2010

Founded: The National Green Tribunal was established in 2010 under the NGT Act, 2010.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 9

Question 9 of 10

Subhash Kumar v State of Bihar (1991) read the right to pollution-free water and air into which Article?

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Answer: (C) Article 21

Landmark: Subhash Kumar v State of Bihar (1991) read the right to pollution-free water and air into Article 21.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Which statements are correct? 1. Water is List I Entry 17. 2. Inter-State rivers fall under List II Entry 56.

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Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2

Articles: Article 21 protects life; water is List II Entry 17, subject to List I Entry 56 on inter-State rivers.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 215, point 11

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