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Topic 223 · Environment, Climate & Biodiversity

Nagoya Protocol: India's first national report

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Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA

Core Trigger: On 27 February 2026 India submitted its first national report on the Nagoya Protocol to the CBD secretariat.
Report Period: The report covers November 2017 to December 2025 and tracks access and benefit-sharing (ABS) of biological resources.
Current Head: Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav heads the nodal ministry; the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is the ABS regulator.
Key Term: An internationally recognised certificate of compliance (IRCC) records lawful access to a genetic resource.
Data: India recorded 12,830 ABS approvals and 3,556 IRCCs, about 60% of the global total.
Benefit-Sharing: The NBA realised Rs 216.31 crore from benefit-sharing agreements during the reporting period.
India Link: The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 is India's law implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Protocol.
Headquarters: The NBA is headquartered in Chennai; the CBD secretariat is in Montreal, Canada.
Founded: The Nagoya Protocol was adopted in 2010 under the Convention on Biological Diversity and entered into force in 2014.
Landmark: The Convention on Biological Diversity, adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, set three objectives including fair benefit-sharing.
Statute: Under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, foreigners need NBA approval before accessing Indian biological resources (Section 3).
Definition: Access and benefit-sharing means fair, equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources, on prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms.

Question 1 of 10

To which body did India submit its first national report on the Nagoya Protocol on 27 February 2026?

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Answer: (B) CBD secretariat

Core Trigger: On 27 February 2026 India submitted its first national report on the Nagoya Protocol to the CBD secretariat.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 1

Question 2 of 10

The first Nagoya Protocol report covers which period?

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Answer: (B) November 2017 to December 2025

Report Period: The report covers November 2017 to December 2025 and tracks access and benefit-sharing (ABS) of biological resources.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Which body is the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) regulator in India?

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Answer: (C) National Biodiversity Authority

Current Head: Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav heads the nodal ministry; the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is the ABS regulator.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 3

Question 4 of 10

Consider: 1) An internationally recognised certificate of compliance (IRCC) records lawful access to a genetic resource. 2) An IRCC is a certificate of patent grant. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Key Term: An internationally recognised certificate of compliance (IRCC) records lawful access to a genetic resource.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 4

Question 5 of 10

India's IRCCs are about what share of the global total?

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Answer: (B) About 60%

Data: India recorded 12,830 ABS approvals and 3,556 IRCCs, about 60% of the global total.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 5

Question 6 of 10

How much did the NBA realise from benefit-sharing agreements during the reporting period?

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Answer: (A) Rs 216.31 crore

Benefit-Sharing: The NBA realised Rs 216.31 crore from benefit-sharing agreements during the reporting period.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 6

Question 7 of 10

The National Biodiversity Authority is headquartered in which city?

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Answer: (A) Chennai

Headquarters: The NBA is headquartered in Chennai; the CBD secretariat is in Montreal, Canada.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 8

Question 8 of 10

The Nagoya Protocol was adopted in which year?

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Answer: (D) 2010

Founded: The Nagoya Protocol was adopted in 2010 under the Convention on Biological Diversity and entered into force in 2014.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 9

Question 9 of 10

The Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted at which 1992 event?

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Answer: (C) Rio Earth Summit

Landmark: The Convention on Biological Diversity, adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, set three objectives including fair benefit-sharing.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Consider: 1) Under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, foreigners need NBA approval before accessing Indian biological resources. 2) ABS means fair, equitable sharing of benefits on prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Statute: Under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, foreigners need NBA approval before accessing Indian biological resources (Section 3).From Book 1 RATNA, topic 223, point 11

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