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Topic 238 · Environment, Climate & Biodiversity

UNCCD COP17, Ulaanbaatar

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Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA

Core Trigger: UNCCD COP17 was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, from 17 to 28 August 2026, with all 197 Parties represented.
Theme: The theme was Restoring Land. Restoring Hope.; 2026 is also the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists.
Current Head: Battsetseg Batmunkh, Mongolia's Foreign Minister, is COP17 President; Yasmine Fouad of Egypt is UNCCD Executive Secretary.
Initiatives: COP17 announced a US$1.2 billion Rangelands Flagship Initiative and launched the Drought Resilience Investment Facility.
Data: Land degradation and drought cost about US$900 billion a year; up to 40% of global land is degraded.
Declaration: About 30 mayors and governors adopted the Ulaanbaatar Declaration on 21 August 2026 seeking a role for local governments.
India Link: India released its first Guide to Grasslands and Open Natural Ecosystems and urged shifting from drought relief to resilience.
Headquarters: The UNCCD secretariat has been based in Bonn, Germany, since 1999.
Founded: The UNCCD was adopted in Paris on 17 June 1994 and entered into force in December 1996.
Landmark: India hosted COP14 in 2019 and its New Delhi Declaration; India pledged to restore 26 million hectares by 2030.
Rio Conventions: The UNCCD, UNFCCC (climate) and CBD (biodiversity) all emerged from the 1992 Earth Summit.
Doctrine: The UNCCD is the only legally binding framework on desertification and drought; COP declarations like Ulaanbaatar are political.

Question 1 of 10

In which country was UNCCD COP17 held from 17 to 28 August 2026?

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Answer: (B) Mongolia

Core Trigger: UNCCD COP17 was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, from 17 to 28 August 2026, with all 197 Parties represented.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 1

Question 2 of 10

What was the theme of UNCCD COP17?

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Answer: (D) Restoring Land. Restoring Hope.

Theme: The theme was Restoring Land. Restoring Hope.; 2026 is also the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Who is the UNCCD Executive Secretary?

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Answer: (D) Yasmine Fouad

Current Head: Battsetseg Batmunkh, Mongolia's Foreign Minister, is COP17 President; Yasmine Fouad of Egypt is UNCCD Executive Secretary.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 3

Question 4 of 10

COP17 announced a Rangelands Flagship Initiative worth how much?

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Answer: (B) US$1.2 billion

Initiatives: COP17 announced a US$1.2 billion Rangelands Flagship Initiative and launched the Drought Resilience Investment Facility.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 4

Question 5 of 10

Land degradation and drought cost about how much a year?

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Answer: (B) US$900 billion

Data: Land degradation and drought cost about US$900 billion a year; up to 40% of global land is degraded.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 5

Question 6 of 10

Which of the following is/are correct? 1. The Ulaanbaatar Declaration was adopted on 21 August 2026. 2. It seeks a role for local governments.

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Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Declaration: About 30 mayors and governors adopted the Ulaanbaatar Declaration on 21 August 2026 seeking a role for local governments.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 6

Question 7 of 10

Where has the UNCCD secretariat been based since 1999?

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Answer: (D) Bonn, Germany

Headquarters: The UNCCD secretariat has been based in Bonn, Germany, since 1999.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 8

Question 8 of 10

In which year did the UNCCD enter into force?

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Answer: (B) 1996

Founded: The UNCCD was adopted in Paris on 17 June 1994 and entered into force in December 1996.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 9

Question 9 of 10

India hosted which UNCCD COP in 2019, producing the New Delhi Declaration?

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Answer: (D) COP14

Landmark: India hosted COP14 in 2019 and its New Delhi Declaration; India pledged to restore 26 million hectares by 2030.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Which of the following is/are correct? 1. The UNCCD, UNFCCC and CBD all emerged from the 1992 Earth Summit. 2. COP declarations like Ulaanbaatar are legally binding.

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Rio Conventions: The UNCCD, UNFCCC (climate) and CBD (biodiversity) all emerged from the 1992 Earth Summit. Doctrine: The UNCCD is the only legally binding framework on desertification and drought; COP declarations like Ulaanbaatar are political.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 238, point 11, point 12

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