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Topic 302 · Society, Health, Education & Schemes

Ebola outbreak declared a PHEIC

10 MCQs · tap an option to check it · All answers

Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA

Core Trigger: On 15 May 2026 DR Congo and Uganda declared a Bundibugyo-virus Ebola outbreak; WHO declared a PHEIC on 17 May.
Legal Basis: The determination used Article 12 of the International Health Regulations (2005); WHO said it was not a 'pandemic emergency'.
Africa Voice: Jean Kaseya, Director-General of Africa CDC, visited Bunia in Ituri province on 2 August 2026.
Detection Gap: Symptoms began about 25 April; confirmation came on 14 May after WHO's 5 May alert from Mongbwalu, Ituri.
Data Point: At declaration there were 8 confirmed and 246 suspected cases; over 1,700 deaths followed by August.
Stakeholders: DR Congo's Ministry of Public Health and Uganda's Ministry of Health declared it; the IHR Emergency Committee first met on 22 May.
Vaccine Gap: No approved Bundibugyo-specific vaccine or therapeutic exists, as licensed products target the Zaire strain.
Headquarters: WHO is a UN specialised agency headquartered in Geneva.
Origins: The IHR Emergency Committee mechanism was developed after the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak.
Earlier PHEICs: Earlier PHEICs: H1N1 (2009), polio (2014), Ebola (2014), Zika (2016), Kivu Ebola (2019), COVID-19 (2020), mpox twice.
Treaty: The IHR (2005) binds States Parties; Annex 2 makes smallpox, wild polio and SARS always notifiable.
Definition: A PHEIC is an extraordinary event posing international spread risk; Ebola viruses belong to genus Orthoebolavirus, family Filoviridae.

Question 1 of 10

On which date did WHO declare the Ebola outbreak a PHEIC?

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Answer: (C) 17 May 2026

Core Trigger: On 15 May 2026 DR Congo and Uganda declared a Bundibugyo-virus Ebola outbreak; WHO declared a PHEIC on 17 May.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 1

Question 2 of 10

The determination used which Article of the International Health Regulations (2005)?

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Answer: (A) Article 12

Legal Basis: The determination used Article 12 of the International Health Regulations (2005); WHO said it was not a 'pandemic emergency'.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Who is Director-General of Africa CDC?

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Answer: (B) Jean Kaseya

Africa Voice: Jean Kaseya, Director-General of Africa CDC, visited Bunia in Ituri province on 2 August 2026.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 3

Question 4 of 10

From where did WHO's 5 May alert originate?

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Answer: (C) Mongbwalu, Ituri

Detection Gap: Symptoms began about 25 April; confirmation came on 14 May after WHO's 5 May alert from Mongbwalu, Ituri.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 4

Question 5 of 10

At declaration, how many suspected cases were there?

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Answer: (C) 246

Data Point: At declaration there were 8 confirmed and 246 suspected cases; over 1,700 deaths followed by August.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 5

Question 6 of 10

On which date did the IHR Emergency Committee first meet?

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Answer: (D) 22 May 2026

Stakeholders: DR Congo's Ministry of Public Health and Uganda's Ministry of Health declared it; the IHR Emergency Committee first met on 22 May.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 6

Question 7 of 10

Licensed Ebola products target which strain, leaving no Bundibugyo vaccine?

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Answer: (D) Zaire

Vaccine Gap: No approved Bundibugyo-specific vaccine or therapeutic exists, as licensed products target the Zaire strain.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 7

Question 8 of 10

Where is WHO headquartered?

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Answer: (C) Geneva

Headquarters: WHO is a UN specialised agency headquartered in Geneva.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 8

Question 9 of 10

Which disease was declared a PHEIC in 2016?

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Answer: (C) Zika

Origins: The IHR Emergency Committee mechanism was developed after the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 9

Question 10 of 10

Consider the statements: 1. Annex 2 makes polio and SARS notifiable only above 100 cases. 2. The IHR (2005) binds States Parties. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (B) Only 2

Treaty: The IHR (2005) binds States Parties; Annex 2 makes smallpox, wild polio and SARS always notifiable.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 302, point 11

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