Topic 028 · Answers

Separation of powers and the tribunals debate

All 10 answers, each with its Book 1 RATNA fact. Try the questions first

Question 1Answer A
On 19 November 2025 the Supreme Court struck down parts of which Act for excessive executive control over appointments?
- Correct answer: Tribunals Reforms Act 2021
- Administrative Tribunals Act 1985
- Finance Act 2017
- National Tax Tribunal Act 2005
Core Trigger: On 19 November 2025 the Supreme Court struck down parts of the Tribunals Reforms Act 2021 for excessive executive control over appointments.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 1
Question 2Answer C
On which date did the Rajya Sabha pass the Tribunals Reforms Bill 2026?
- 10 August 2026
- 12 August 2026
- Correct answer: 11 August 2026
- 19 August 2026
Parliament's Reply: The Tribunals Reforms Bill 2026 passed the Lok Sabha on 10 August and the Rajya Sabha on 11 August 2026.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 2
Question 3Answer A
Which new body does the Tribunals Reforms Bill 2026 create for selections, performance review and conduct inquiries?
- Correct answer: National Tribunals Commission
- National Judicial Appointments Commission
- Tribunal Selection Board
- Law Commission of India
New Body: It creates a National Tribunals Commission for selections, performance review and conduct inquiries.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 3
Question 4Answer B
In Madras Bar Association v Union of India, the Supreme Court treated what as part of the basic structure?
- Parliamentary privilege
- Correct answer: Judicial independence
- Executive discretion
- Ministerial responsibility
Case Name: Madras Bar Association v Union of India (19 November 2025) treated judicial independence as part of the basic structure.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 4
Question 5Answer D
Until assent and notification of the 2026 Bill, what is the legal position?
- The 2021 Act stands wholly repealed
- All existing tribunals stand dissolved
- The earlier ordinance is revived
- Correct answer: The 2021 Act stands minus struck-down parts
Current Status: Until assent and notification, the 2021 Act stands minus the struck-down provisions.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 5
Question 6Answer B
Consider: 1. The Bill preserves individual ministries' control over tribunals. 2. The Bill consolidates many tribunals under a single national body. Which of the statements is/are correct?
- Only 1
- Correct answer: Only 2
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Stakeholders: The Bill consolidates many tribunals under a single national body, shifting control away from individual ministries.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 6
Question 7Answer C
The Supreme Court of India sits at which address in New Delhi?
- Sansad Marg
- Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
- Correct answer: Tilak Marg
- Janpath
Seat: The Supreme Court of India sits at Tilak Marg, New Delhi.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 8
Question 8Answer C
Articles 323A and 323B, enabling tribunals, were inserted by which Constitutional Amendment?
- 44th Amendment
- 24th Amendment
- Correct answer: 42nd Amendment
- 86th Amendment
Founded: Articles 323A and 323B, enabling tribunals, were inserted by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 9
Question 9Answer C
Which 1973 case established the basic structure doctrine?
- Golaknath
- Minerva Mills
- Correct answer: Kesavananda Bharati
- Maneka Gandhi
Landmark: Kesavananda Bharati (1973) established the basic structure doctrine, limiting Parliament's amending power.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 10
Question 10Answer A
Consider: 1. Article 50 is a Directive Principle. 2. It requires the State to unite the judiciary with the executive. Which of the statements is/are correct?
- Correct answer: Only 1
- Only 2
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Articles: Article 50, a Directive Principle, requires the State to separate the judiciary from the executive.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 028, point 11

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On 19 November 2025 the Supreme Court struck down parts of which Act for excessive executive control over appointments?

On which date did the Rajya Sabha pass the Tribunals Reforms Bill 2026?

Which new body does the Tribunals Reforms Bill 2026 create for selections, performance review and conduct inquiries?

In Madras Bar Association v Union of India, the Supreme Court treated what as part of the basic structure?

Until assent and notification of the 2026 Bill, what is the legal position?

Consider: 1. The Bill preserves individual ministries' control over tribunals. 2. The Bill consolidates many tribunals under a single national body. Which of the statements is/are correct?

The Supreme Court of India sits at which address in New Delhi?

Articles 323A and 323B, enabling tribunals, were inserted by which Constitutional Amendment?

Which 1973 case established the basic structure doctrine?

Consider: 1. Article 50 is a Directive Principle. 2. It requires the State to unite the judiciary with the executive. Which of the statements is/are correct?