CLAT GurukulSamudraManthan

Topic 127 · Answers

High Seas Treaty and UNCLOS transit passage

All 10 answers, each with its Book 1 RATNA fact. Try the questions first

  1. Question 1Answer C

    On which date did the High Seas (BBNJ) Treaty enter into force?

    • 17 January 2025
    • 1 January 2026
    • Correct answer: 17 January 2026
    • 5 February 2026

    Core Trigger: The High Seas (BBNJ) Treaty entered into force on 17 January 2026 as the third UNCLOS implementing agreement.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 1

  2. Question 2Answer B

    The Hormuz crisis raised whether a coastal state may charge for or block what?

    • Fishing in its EEZ
    • Correct answer: Transit passage through a strait
    • Deep-sea mining licences
    • Laying of submarine cables

    Strait Dispute: The Hormuz crisis raised whether a coastal state may charge for, or block, transit passage through a strait.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 2

  3. Question 3Answer D

    Which body settles disputes under UNCLOS?

    • International Criminal Court
    • WTO Dispute Settlement Body
    • Permanent Court of Arbitration
    • Correct answer: International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

    Key Body: The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea settles disputes under UNCLOS.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 3

  4. Question 4Answer C

    What does BBNJ stand for?

    • Biosphere beyond nautical jurisdiction
    • Biodiversity between national jurisdictions
    • Correct answer: Biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction
    • Boundaries beyond national jurisdiction

    Key Term: BBNJ means biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, covering marine life on the high seas.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 4

  5. Question 5Answer C

    Consider: 1. The territorial sea extends 12 nautical miles. 2. The exclusive economic zone extends 200 nautical miles. Which is correct?

    • Only 1
    • Only 2
    • Correct answer: Both 1 and 2
    • Neither 1 nor 2

    Maritime Zones: The territorial sea extends 12 nautical miles and the exclusive economic zone 200 nautical miles.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 5

  6. Question 6Answer A

    Which was an earlier UNCLOS implementing agreement, adopted in 1994?

    • Correct answer: Part XI Agreement
    • Fish Stocks Agreement
    • BBNJ Agreement
    • MARPOL Protocol

    Earlier Agreements: UNCLOS has two earlier implementing agreements: the 1994 Part XI Agreement and the 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 6

  7. Question 7Answer A

    The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea sits in which city?

    • Correct answer: Hamburg
    • Geneva
    • The Hague
    • Montego Bay

    Venue: The Tribunal sits in Hamburg, Germany; UNCLOS was opened for signature at Montego Bay, Jamaica.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 8

  8. Question 8Answer D

    UNCLOS, adopted in 1982, entered into force in which year?

    • 1982
    • 1995
    • 1973
    • Correct answer: 1994

    Founded: UNCLOS was adopted in 1982 and entered into force in 1994.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 9

  9. Question 9Answer A

    The Corfu Channel case (ICJ, 1949) upheld which right of warships in international straits?

    • Correct answer: Innocent passage
    • Hot pursuit
    • Archipelagic passage
    • Unrestricted blockade

    Landmark: Corfu Channel case (ICJ, 1949) upheld the right of innocent passage of warships through international straits.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 10

  10. Question 10Answer B

    Consider: 1. A bordering state may suspend transit passage under Article 44. 2. Article 26 bars charges on ships merely passing through the territorial sea. Which is correct?

    • Only 1
    • Correct answer: Only 2
    • Both 1 and 2
    • Neither 1 nor 2

    Doctrine: Transit passage means continuous, expeditious transit; unlike innocent passage, a bordering state cannot suspend it (Article 44).From Book 1 RATNA, topic 127, point 12

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