CLAT GurukulSamudraManthan
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Topic 027 · Law, Judiciary & Landmark Judgments

'Digital arrest' frauds and cyber-fraud remedies

10 MCQs · tap an option to check it · All answers

Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA
  1. Core Trigger: Fraudsters posing as police or CBI officers hold victims on video calls under a fake 'digital arrest' and extort money.
  2. Legal Position: No 'digital arrest' procedure exists in Indian law; the BNSS allows electronic summons only.
  3. Investigating Agency: The Supreme Court ordered a CBI investigation into these frauds.
  4. Helpline: The 1930 helpline and CFCFRMS, run with I4C, handle reporting of cyber-financial fraud.
  5. Refund Rule: Under the MHA SOP, frauds below Rs 50,000 are refundable without a court order; banks lift holds within 90 days absent an order.
  6. Mule Accounts: The Supreme Court approved a procedure for debit holds on mule accounts used to move stolen money.
  7. India Link: India is not a party to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001, Council of Europe).
  8. Headquarters: I4C, the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre, functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs in New Delhi.
  9. Founded: The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 replaced the CrPC and came into force on 1 July 2024.
  10. Landmark: D K Basu v State of West Bengal (1997) laid down mandatory safeguards for arrest and detention.
  11. Articles: Section 66D of the IT Act 2000 punishes cheating by personation using a computer resource; Article 22 protects arrested persons.
  12. Doctrine: Lawful arrest needs authority of law; an online 'arrest' has no legal force.
Question 1 of 10

In a 'digital arrest' fraud, how is the victim kept under the fake arrest?

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Answer: (C) On a video call

Core Trigger: Fraudsters posing as police or CBI officers hold victims on video calls under a fake 'digital arrest' and extort money.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 1

Question 2 of 10

What electronic step, unlike a 'digital arrest', does the BNSS actually allow?

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Answer: (D) Electronic summons

Legal Position: No 'digital arrest' procedure exists in Indian law; the BNSS allows electronic summons only.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Which agency did the Supreme Court order to investigate 'digital arrest' frauds?

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Answer: (A) CBI

Investigating Agency: The Supreme Court ordered a CBI investigation into these frauds.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 3

Question 4 of 10

Which helpline number handles reporting of cyber-financial fraud?

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Answer: (D) 1930

Helpline: The 1930 helpline and CFCFRMS, run with I4C, handle reporting of cyber-financial fraud.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 4

Question 5 of 10

Consider: 1. Under the MHA SOP, frauds below Rs 50,000 are refundable without a court order. 2. Banks lift holds within 90 days absent an order. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Refund Rule: Under the MHA SOP, frauds below Rs 50,000 are refundable without a court order; banks lift holds within 90 days absent an order.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 5

Question 6 of 10

The Supreme Court approved a debit-hold procedure for which kind of accounts used to move stolen money?

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Answer: (C) Mule accounts

Mule Accounts: The Supreme Court approved a procedure for debit holds on mule accounts used to move stolen money.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 6

Question 7 of 10

I4C, the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre, functions under which Union ministry?

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Answer: (C) Ministry of Home Affairs

Headquarters: I4C, the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre, functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs in New Delhi.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 8

Question 8 of 10

On which date did the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 come into force?

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Answer: (B) 1 July 2024

Founded: The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 replaced the CrPC and came into force on 1 July 2024.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 9

Question 9 of 10

Which 1997 judgment laid down mandatory safeguards for arrest and detention?

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Answer: (D) D K Basu v State of West Bengal

Landmark: D K Basu v State of West Bengal (1997) laid down mandatory safeguards for arrest and detention.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Consider: 1. Section 66D of the IT Act 2000 punishes cheating by personation using a computer resource. 2. Article 22 protects only convicted persons. Which of the statements is/are correct?

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Articles: Section 66D of the IT Act 2000 punishes cheating by personation using a computer resource; Article 22 protects arrested persons.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 027, point 11

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