← Topics 0/10 answered

Topic 227 · Environment, Climate & Biodiversity

HFC curb: Kigali Amendment and India's freeze

10 MCQs · tap an option to check it · All answers

Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA

Core Trigger: An office memorandum of 1 April 2026 barred additional HFC production capacity beyond 31 December 2027.
Key Condition: Applications must promise production by 31 December 2027; feedstock uses stay exempt.
Nodal Body: The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, led by Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, houses the Ozone Cell.
Key Gases: India's main HFCs are HFC-32, HFC-134a and HFC-125, used in refrigeration, air-conditioning and fire extinguishers.
Baseline: India's baseline is the 2024–2026 average HFC level plus 65% of its HCFC baseline; the freeze starts 1 January 2028.
Agreement: The Kigali Amendment was agreed in Kigali, 10–15 October 2016, and took effect on 1 January 2019.
India Link: India ratified Kigali in 2021; as an Article 5 party it must reach 15% of baseline from 2047.
Headquarters: The Ozone Secretariat of UNEP, which serves the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol, is in Nairobi.
Founded: The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989, following the 1985 Vienna Convention.
Landmark: Kigali is the latest of six Montreal Protocol amendments; HFCs spare the ozone layer but are potent greenhouse gases.
Statute: Phase-down will be enforced by amending the Ozone Depleting Substances Rules, 2000.
Definition: An office memorandum is an executive instruction, not a statutory rule; Article 5 parties are developing countries with later deadlines.

Question 1 of 10

An office memorandum of 1 April 2026 set what cut-off after which no additional HFC production capacity is allowed?

Show answer

Answer: (D) 31 December 2027

Core Trigger: An office memorandum of 1 April 2026 barred additional HFC production capacity beyond 31 December 2027.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 1

Question 2 of 10

Which HFC uses stay exempt from the 2026 capacity curb?

Show answer

Answer: (A) Feedstock uses

Key Condition: Applications must promise production by 31 December 2027; feedstock uses stay exempt.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Which Union Minister leads the ministry that houses the Ozone Cell?

Show answer

Answer: (B) Bhupender Yadav

Nodal Body: The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, led by Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, houses the Ozone Cell.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 3

Question 4 of 10

Which gas is among India's main HFCs?

Show answer

Answer: (A) HFC-134a

Key Gases: India's main HFCs are HFC-32, HFC-134a and HFC-125, used in refrigeration, air-conditioning and fire extinguishers.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 4

Question 5 of 10

Consider: 1) India's HFC freeze starts on 1 January 2030. 2) India's baseline is the 2024-2026 average HFC level plus 65% of its HCFC baseline. Which is/are correct?

Show answer

Answer: (B) Only 2

Baseline: India's baseline is the 2024–2026 average HFC level plus 65% of its HCFC baseline; the freeze starts 1 January 2028.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 5

Question 6 of 10

The Kigali Amendment took effect on which date?

Show answer

Answer: (C) 1 January 2019

Agreement: The Kigali Amendment was agreed in Kigali, 10–15 October 2016, and took effect on 1 January 2019.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 6

Question 7 of 10

The Ozone Secretariat of UNEP is located in which city?

Show answer

Answer: (A) Nairobi

Headquarters: The Ozone Secretariat of UNEP, which serves the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol, is in Nairobi.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 8

Question 8 of 10

The Montreal Protocol was signed in which year?

Show answer

Founded: The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989, following the 1985 Vienna Convention.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 9

Question 9 of 10

Consider: 1) HFCs spare the ozone layer but are potent greenhouse gases. 2) Kigali is the first of six Montreal Protocol amendments. Which is/are correct?

Show answer

Answer: (A) Only 1

Landmark: Kigali is the latest of six Montreal Protocol amendments; HFCs spare the ozone layer but are potent greenhouse gases.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Article 5 parties under the Montreal Protocol are which kind of countries?

Show answer

Answer: (A) Developing countries with later deadlines

Definition: An office memorandum is an executive instruction, not a statutory rule; Article 5 parties are developing countries with later deadlines.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 12

Answer all ten to see your score

0 of 10 answered · 0 correct

See all answers →Next topic →

Track your weak chapters across all 380 topics — sign in to the free app.

Android app Web app (sign-in needed)

Open this topic in the app (sign-in needed)