HFC curb: Kigali Amendment and India's freeze

1. Question 1Answer D

   An office memorandum of 1 April 2026 set what cut-off after which no additional HFC production capacity is allowed?

   • A31 March 2027
   • B31 December 2026
   • C31 December 2030
   • DCorrect answer: 31 December 2027

   Core Trigger: An office memorandum of 1 April 2026 barred additional HFC production capacity beyond 31 December 2027.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 1

2. Question 2Answer A

   Which HFC uses stay exempt from the 2026 capacity curb?

   • ACorrect answer: Feedstock uses
   • BRefrigeration uses
   • CAir-conditioning uses
   • DFire-extinguisher uses

   Key Condition: Applications must promise production by 31 December 2027; feedstock uses stay exempt.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 2

3. Question 3Answer B

   Which Union Minister leads the ministry that houses the Ozone Cell?

   • APralhad Joshi
   • BCorrect answer: Bhupender Yadav
   • CAshwini Vaishnaw
   • DJitendra Singh

   Nodal Body: The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, led by Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, houses the Ozone Cell.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 3

4. Question 4Answer A

   Which gas is among India's main HFCs?

   • ACorrect answer: HFC-134a
   • BCFC-11
   • CHalon-1301
   • DHCFC-22

   Key Gases: India's main HFCs are HFC-32, HFC-134a and HFC-125, used in refrigeration, air-conditioning and fire extinguishers.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 4

5. Question 5Answer B

   Consider: 1) India's HFC freeze starts on 1 January 2030. 2) India's baseline is the 2024-2026 average HFC level plus 65% of its HCFC baseline. Which is/are correct?

   • AOnly 1
   • BCorrect answer: Only 2
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither

   Baseline: India's baseline is the 2024–2026 average HFC level plus 65% of its HCFC baseline; the freeze starts 1 January 2028.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 5

6. Question 6Answer C

   The Kigali Amendment took effect on which date?

   • A1 January 2021
   • B1 January 2028
   • CCorrect answer: 1 January 2019
   • D15 October 2016

   Agreement: The Kigali Amendment was agreed in Kigali, 10–15 October 2016, and took effect on 1 January 2019.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 6

7. Question 7Answer A

   The Ozone Secretariat of UNEP is located in which city?

   • ACorrect answer: Nairobi
   • BGeneva
   • CVienna
   • DMontreal

   Headquarters: The Ozone Secretariat of UNEP, which serves the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol, is in Nairobi.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 8

8. Question 8Answer C

   The Montreal Protocol was signed in which year?

   • A1985
   • B1989
   • CCorrect answer: 1987
   • D1992

   Founded: The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989, following the 1985 Vienna Convention.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 9

9. Question 9Answer A

   Consider: 1) HFCs spare the ozone layer but are potent greenhouse gases. 2) Kigali is the first of six Montreal Protocol amendments. Which is/are correct?

   • ACorrect answer: Only 1
   • BOnly 2
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither

   Landmark: Kigali is the latest of six Montreal Protocol amendments; HFCs spare the ozone layer but are potent greenhouse gases.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 10

10. Question 10Answer A

    Article 5 parties under the Montreal Protocol are which kind of countries?

    • ACorrect answer: Developing countries with later deadlines
    • BDeveloped countries with earlier deadlines
    • COil-exporting countries only
    • DIsland nations exempt from phase-down

    Definition: An office memorandum is an executive instruction, not a statutory rule; Article 5 parties are developing countries with later deadlines.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 227, point 12

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