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Topic 229 · Environment, Climate & Biodiversity

Heatwaves as disasters and food security

10 MCQs · tap an option to check it · All answers

Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA
  1. Core Trigger: The 16th Finance Commission report, tabled 1 February 2026, recommended adding heatwaves and lightning to notified disasters for 2026–31.
  2. Later Step: On 4 August 2026 MHA told the Lok Sabha they are now notified calamities.
  3. Current Head: Arvind Panagariya chaired the 16th Finance Commission; Nityanand Rai is Minister of State for Home Affairs.
  4. Corpus: It proposed Rs 2,04,401 crore for SDRF and SDMF over 2026–31, split 80:20.
  5. Data / Report: NCRB and MHA data record 3,798 heat deaths in 2018–22; 11 States had already declared heatwaves State-specific disasters.
  6. Stakeholders: A joint FAO–WMO report of 22 April 2026 showed heat eroding crop yields; IMD declares heatwaves.
  7. India Link: IMD needs 40 °C in plains (30 °C in hills) and a 4.5–6.4 °C departure for a heatwave.
  8. Nodal Body: The Ministry of Home Affairs is nodal; drought, hailstorm, pest attack and cold wave fall to Agriculture.
  9. Founded: The Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025 took effect on 9 April 2025.
  10. Landmark: It empowers NDMA and SDMAs to prepare plans, and adds a statutory NCMC and Urban Disaster Management Authorities.
  11. Articles: Articles 280 and 281 govern the Finance Commission; SDRF arises under s.48(1)(a), NDRF under s.46.
  12. Definition: Section 2(d) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 defines 'disaster' as a grave occurrence beyond the affected community's coping capacity.
Question 1 of 10

Along with heatwaves, which hazard did the 16th Finance Commission recommend adding to notified disasters for 2026-31?

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Answer: (D) Lightning

Core Trigger: The 16th Finance Commission report, tabled 1 February 2026, recommended adding heatwaves and lightning to notified disasters for 2026–31.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 1

Question 2 of 10

On which date did the Centre tell the Lok Sabha that heatwaves are now notified calamities?

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Answer: (A) 4 August 2026

Later Step: On 4 August 2026 MHA told the Lok Sabha they are now notified calamities.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Who chaired the 16th Finance Commission?

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Answer: (B) Arvind Panagariya

Current Head: Arvind Panagariya chaired the 16th Finance Commission; Nityanand Rai is Minister of State for Home Affairs.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 3

Question 4 of 10

The proposed Rs 2,04,401 crore for SDRF and SDMF over 2026-31 is split in what ratio?

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Answer: (C) 80:20

Corpus: It proposed Rs 2,04,401 crore for SDRF and SDMF over 2026–31, split 80:20.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 4

Question 5 of 10

NCRB and MHA data record how many heat deaths in 2018-22?

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Answer: (D) 3,798

Data / Report: NCRB and MHA data record 3,798 heat deaths in 2018–22; 11 States had already declared heatwaves State-specific disasters.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 5

Question 6 of 10

Consider: 1) IMD requires 35 C in plains for a heatwave. 2) IMD requires 25 C in hills. Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (D) Neither

India Link: IMD needs 40 °C in plains (30 °C in hills) and a 4.5–6.4 °C departure for a heatwave.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 7

Question 7 of 10

Which Union Ministry is nodal for heatwaves as a notified calamity?

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Answer: (B) Ministry of Home Affairs

Nodal Body: The Ministry of Home Affairs is nodal; drought, hailstorm, pest attack and cold wave fall to Agriculture.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 8

Question 8 of 10

The Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025 took effect on which date?

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Answer: (C) 9 April 2025

Founded: The Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025 took effect on 9 April 2025.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 9

Question 9 of 10

Besides a statutory NCMC, which new bodies did the 2025 Amendment Act add?

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Answer: (D) Urban Disaster Management Authorities

Landmark: It empowers NDMA and SDMAs to prepare plans, and adds a statutory NCMC and Urban Disaster Management Authorities.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Consider: 1) Section 2(d) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 defines a disaster as a grave occurrence beyond the affected community's coping capacity. 2) SDRF arises under s.46 and NDRF under s.48(1)(a). Which is/are correct?

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Articles: Articles 280 and 281 govern the Finance Commission; SDRF arises under s.48(1)(a), NDRF under s.46.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 229, point 11

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