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Topic 235 · Environment, Climate & Biodiversity

Flash floods: causes beyond extreme rain

10 MCQs · tap an option to check it · All answers

Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA

Core Trigger: An IIT Gandhinagar study (npj Natural Hazards, 15 July 2025) resurfaced during the July 2026 monsoon floods.
Study Title: 'Drivers of flash floods in the Indian sub-continental river basins' by Nandana Dilip K, Urmin Vegad and Vimal Mishra.
Current Head: Vimal Mishra, Professor at IIT Gandhinagar, is a co-author.
Key Term: A cloudburst is rain of 100 mm or more in one hour over about 20–30 sq km.
Data / Report: About three-quarters of flash floods need extreme rain on saturated soil; rain alone drives a quarter.
Stakeholders: IMD, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, defines cloudbursts; NDMA is the apex disaster body.
India Link: Hotspots are the Himalayas, West Coast and Central India; over 75% of flash floods occur in June–September.
Apex Body: NDMA is chaired ex officio by the Prime Minister under section 3 of the Disaster Management Act.
Founded: The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (Act 53 of 2005) dates from 23 December 2005; section 44 constitutes the NDRF.
Landmark: The Sendai Framework 2015–2030 has seven global targets and succeeded the Hyogo Framework 2005–2015.
Statute: The Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025, in force 9 April 2025, adds a statutory NCMC and Urban Disaster Management Authorities.
Definition: Clausius–Clapeyron: air holds about 7% more moisture per 1 °C warming; IMD calls 204.5 mm in 24 hours 'extremely heavy'.

Question 1 of 10

Which institute's study on flash-flood drivers resurfaced during the July 2026 monsoon floods?

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Answer: (D) IIT Gandhinagar

Core Trigger: An IIT Gandhinagar study (npj Natural Hazards, 15 July 2025) resurfaced during the July 2026 monsoon floods.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 1

Question 2 of 10

Which title does the IIT Gandhinagar flash-flood study carry?

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Answer: (B) Drivers of flash floods in the Indian sub-continental river basins

Study Title: 'Drivers of flash floods in the Indian sub-continental river basins' by Nandana Dilip K, Urmin Vegad and Vimal Mishra.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Which IIT Gandhinagar professor is a co-author of the study?

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Answer: (B) Vimal Mishra

Current Head: Vimal Mishra, Professor at IIT Gandhinagar, is a co-author.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 3

Question 4 of 10

A cloudburst is rain of at least how much in one hour over about 20 to 30 sq km?

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Answer: (D) 100 mm

Key Term: A cloudburst is rain of 100 mm or more in one hour over about 20–30 sq km.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 4

Question 5 of 10

Which of the following is/are correct? 1. About three-quarters of flash floods need extreme rain on saturated soil. 2. Rain alone drives about half of flash floods.

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Data / Report: About three-quarters of flash floods need extreme rain on saturated soil; rain alone drives a quarter.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 5

Question 6 of 10

Which body, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, defines cloudbursts in India?

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Answer: (D) IMD

Stakeholders: IMD, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, defines cloudbursts; NDMA is the apex disaster body.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 6

Question 7 of 10

NDMA is chaired ex officio by the Prime Minister under which section of the Disaster Management Act?

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Answer: (B) Section 3

Apex Body: NDMA is chaired ex officio by the Prime Minister under section 3 of the Disaster Management Act.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 8

Question 8 of 10

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (Act 53 of 2005) is dated which day?

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Answer: (D) 23 December 2005

Founded: The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (Act 53 of 2005) dates from 23 December 2005; section 44 constitutes the NDRF.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 9

Question 9 of 10

The Sendai Framework 2015 to 2030 has how many global targets?

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Answer: (B) Seven

Landmark: The Sendai Framework 2015–2030 has seven global targets and succeeded the Hyogo Framework 2005–2015.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Which of the following is/are correct? 1. Air holds about 7% more moisture per 1 degree C warming. 2. IMD calls 204.5 mm in 24 hours 'extremely heavy'.

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Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Definition: Clausius–Clapeyron: air holds about 7% more moisture per 1 °C warming; IMD calls 204.5 mm in 24 hours 'extremely heavy'.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 235, point 12

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