CLAT GurukulSamudraManthan
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Topic 288 · Geography & Places in News

South China Sea: Scarborough Shoal and Paracels

10 MCQs · tap an option to check it · All answers

Revise the 12 points first Book 1 RATNA
  1. Core Trigger: On 1 August 2026 China issued management measures for the Huangyan Dao National Nature Reserve at Scarborough Shoal.
  2. Related Build-up: Reuters reported on 19 August 2026 that China completed first-phase construction at Antelope Reef.
  3. Key Officials: Judge Maurice Kamga of Cameroon was elected ITLOS President on 1 October 2026, succeeding Tomas Heidar of Iceland.
  4. Key Place: Scarborough Shoal lies about 240 km west of Luzon; China has held it since 2012.
  5. Data: China's State Council approved the reserve on 10 September 2025; it covers 3,523.67 hectares.
  6. Stakeholders: The Philippines protested the reserve; Vietnam and Taiwan also claim Antelope Reef.
  7. India Link: India is an UNCLOS party; Neeru Chadha, elected to ITLOS in 2017, served as its Vice-President.
  8. Headquarters: The Permanent Court of Arbitration sits at the Peace Palace, The Hague; ITLOS sits in Hamburg.
  9. Founded: UNCLOS was signed at Montego Bay on 10 December 1982 and entered into force on 16 November 1994.
  10. Landmark: In Philippines v China (12 July 2016) the tribunal held the nine-dash line's historic-rights claim unlawful beyond UNCLOS.
  11. Articles: UNCLOS Articles 56 and 73 give coastal states EEZ resource rights and enforcement powers.
  12. Definition: The Exclusive Economic Zone extends up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline.
Question 1 of 10

On 1 August 2026 China issued management measures for a nature reserve at which feature?

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Answer: (D) Scarborough Shoal

Core Trigger: On 1 August 2026 China issued management measures for the Huangyan Dao National Nature Reserve at Scarborough Shoal.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 1

Question 2 of 10

Reuters reported China completed first-phase construction at which reef on 19 August 2026?

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Answer: (C) Antelope Reef

Related Build-up: Reuters reported on 19 August 2026 that China completed first-phase construction at Antelope Reef.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 2

Question 3 of 10

Who succeeded Tomas Heidar as ITLOS President on 1 October 2026?

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Answer: (D) Maurice Kamga

Key Officials: Judge Maurice Kamga of Cameroon was elected ITLOS President on 1 October 2026, succeeding Tomas Heidar of Iceland.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 3

Question 4 of 10

Scarborough Shoal lies about 240 km west of which island?

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Answer: (A) Luzon

Key Place: Scarborough Shoal lies about 240 km west of Luzon; China has held it since 2012.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 4

Question 5 of 10

Which is/are correct? 1. China's State Council approved the Scarborough reserve on 10 September 2025. 2. The reserve covers 35,236 hectares.

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Answer: (A) Only 1

Data: China's State Council approved the reserve on 10 September 2025; it covers 3,523.67 hectares.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 5

Question 6 of 10

Which Indian, elected to ITLOS in 2017, served as its Vice-President?

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Answer: (C) Neeru Chadha

India Link: India is an UNCLOS party; Neeru Chadha, elected to ITLOS in 2017, served as its Vice-President.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 7

Question 7 of 10

Where does ITLOS sit?

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Answer: (B) Hamburg

Headquarters: The Permanent Court of Arbitration sits at the Peace Palace, The Hague; ITLOS sits in Hamburg.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 8

Question 8 of 10

UNCLOS entered into force on 16 November of which year?

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Answer: (A) 1994

Founded: UNCLOS was signed at Montego Bay on 10 December 1982 and entered into force on 16 November 1994.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 9

Question 9 of 10

In Philippines v China (12 July 2016), what did the tribunal hold on the nine-dash line?

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Answer: (B) Historic claim unlawful beyond UNCLOS

Landmark: In Philippines v China (12 July 2016) the tribunal held the nine-dash line's historic-rights claim unlawful beyond UNCLOS.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 10

Question 10 of 10

Which is/are correct? 1. The EEZ extends up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline. 2. UNCLOS Articles 56 and 73 give coastal states EEZ resource rights and enforcement powers.

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Answer: (B) Only 2

Articles: UNCLOS Articles 56 and 73 give coastal states EEZ resource rights and enforcement powers.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 288, point 11

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