Climate-resilient cities and urban flooding

1. Question 1Answer A

   A September 2026 feature said urban flooding in Delhi, Guwahati and Bengaluru reflects what, beyond poor drainage?

   • ACorrect answer: Planning failure
   • BExcess groundwater
   • CCloudburst frequency
   • DRising sea level

   Core Trigger: A September 2026 UPSC Essentials feature argued urban flooding in Delhi, Guwahati and Bengaluru reflects planning failure, not just poor drainage.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 1

2. Question 2Answer B

   Which Rotterdam site doubles as drainage?

   • AHofplein Park
   • BCorrect answer: Benthemplein Water Square
   • CErasmus Plaza
   • DMarkthal Square

   Global Example: Rotterdam's Benthemplein Water Square doubles as drainage; Copenhagen and Hamburg 'live with water'.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 2

3. Question 3Answer C

   Which Union Ministry runs AMRUT?

   • AMinistry of Home Affairs
   • BMinistry of Rural Development
   • CCorrect answer: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
   • DMinistry of Jal Shakti

   Nodal Ministry: The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs runs AMRUT; the NDMA is headed by the Prime Minister.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 3

4. Question 4Answer B

   Who proposed the 'sponge city' concept?

   • AJan Gehl
   • BCorrect answer: Kongjian Yu
   • CCharles Correa
   • DEbenezer Howard

   Concept: Kongjian Yu proposed the 'sponge city'; China made it national policy in 2014.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 4

5. Question 5Answer A

   A World Bank estimate puts urban India at 600 million by which year?

   • ACorrect answer: 2036
   • B2030
   • C2031
   • D2041

   Data / Report: A World Bank estimate puts urban India at 600 million by 2036, 40% of people against 31% in 2011.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 5

6. Question 6Answer A

   Which of the following is/are correct? 1. The Smart Cities Mission began on 25 June 2015 for 100 cities. 2. All 100 cities finished all projects by closure.

   • ACorrect answer: Only 1
   • BOnly 2
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither

   Missions: The Smart Cities Mission began 25 June 2015 for 100 cities and closed 31 March 2025; only 18 finished all projects.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 6

7. Question 7Answer D

   About 35.1 million people faced floods globally in 2020. How many did in 1970?

   • A25.1 million
   • B38.1 million
   • C18.1 million
   • DCorrect answer: 28.1 million

   Exposure: About 35.1 million people faced floods globally in 2020, up from 28.1 million in 1970.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 8

8. Question 8Answer A

   The 74th Amendment Act, 1992 came into force on which date?

   • ACorrect answer: 1 June 1993
   • B24 April 1993
   • C1 June 1992
   • D20 April 1993

   Founded: The 74th Amendment Act, 1992, in force 1 June 1993, created urban local bodies.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 9

9. Question 9Answer B

   Article 48A was inserted by which Constitutional amendment?

   • A44th Amendment, 1978
   • BCorrect answer: 42nd Amendment, 1976
   • C73rd Amendment, 1992
   • D86th Amendment, 2002

   Landmark: Article 48A was inserted by the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 10

10. Question 10Answer C

    Which of the following is/are correct? 1. Article 243W with the Twelfth Schedule allows 18 functions. 2. Article 48A directs the State to protect the environment.

    • AOnly 1
    • BOnly 2
    • CCorrect answer: Both 1 and 2
    • DNeither

    Articles: Article 243W with the Twelfth Schedule allows 18 functions, from urban planning to water supply. Doctrine: Article 48A directs the State to protect the environment; not enforceable alone, it is read with Article 21.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 242, point 11, point 12

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