Nipah virus and bats as reservoirs

1. Question 1Answer A

   The two Nipah cases confirmed in West Bengal in January 2026 were in which group?

   • ACorrect answer: Healthcare workers
   • BSchool children
   • CFruit farmers
   • DMigrant labourers

   Core Trigger: India confirmed two Nipah cases in West Bengal in late January 2026, both in healthcare workers.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 1

2. Question 2Answer D

   Which country began airport screening for Nipah on 25 January 2026?

   • AAustralia
   • BJapan
   • CUnited Arab Emirates
   • DCorrect answer: Thailand

   Global Response: Thailand began airport screening on 25 January; Nepal, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Taiwan also tightened checks.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 2

3. Question 3Answer C

   How many contacts did India's Health Ministry trace?

   • A296
   • B169
   • CCorrect answer: 196
   • D96

   Responding Body: India's Health Ministry traced 196 contacts; none showed symptoms and all tested negative.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 3

4. Question 4Answer B

   In disease terms, spillover refers to what?

   • AViral mutation inside bats
   • BCorrect answer: Pathogen transmission from animals to humans
   • CSpread only between humans
   • DVaccine side effects

   Key Term: Spillover is the transmission of a pathogen from animals to humans.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 4

5. Question 5Answer B

   Which is/are correct? 1. A specific antiviral treatment for Nipah exists. 2. Nipah is a paramyxovirus.

   • AOnly 1
   • BCorrect answer: Only 2
   • CBoth 1 and 2
   • DNeither

   Virus Data: Nipah is a paramyxovirus; there is no specific antiviral treatment.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 5

6. Question 6Answer D

   Which animals are the natural reservoir of Nipah virus?

   • AMosquitoes
   • BPigs
   • CRodents
   • DCorrect answer: Pteropus fruit bats

   Reservoir: Pteropus fruit bats are the natural reservoir of the virus.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 6

7. Question 7Answer A

   Which institute confirms Nipah cases in India?

   • ACorrect answer: ICMR-NIV, Pune
   • BICMR-NIE, Chennai
   • CNCDC, Delhi
   • DAIIMS, Delhi

   Testing Lab: Cases are confirmed at the ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 8

8. Question 8Answer C

   In which country did Nipah first emerge, in 1998?

   • ASingapore
   • BBangladesh
   • CCorrect answer: Malaysia
   • DThailand

   First Outbreak: Nipah first emerged in Malaysia in 1998, later appearing in Bangladesh and India.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 9

9. Question 9Answer A

   Which 1897 colonial-era statute empowers governments to act against dangerous disease outbreaks?

   • ACorrect answer: Epidemic Diseases Act
   • BDisaster Management Act
   • CQuarantine Act
   • DPublic Health Act

   Landmark: The Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 lets governments take special measures against dangerous epidemics.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 10

10. Question 10Answer B

    Which is/are correct? 1. A vector carries a pathogen without falling ill, while a reservoir host actively transmits it. 2. Article 47 makes raising public health a State duty.

    • AOnly 1
    • BCorrect answer: Only 2
    • CBoth 1 and 2
    • DNeither

    Articles: Article 47 makes raising public health a State duty; Entry 29, Concurrent List, covers preventing the spread of infectious diseases.From Book 1 RATNA, topic 292, point 11

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