Modi’s 5-Nation Europe Trip: Nordic, IMEEC, EU-FTA, Operation Sindoor Sequel | CLAT 2027

Constitutional & Legal Framework

• Article 73 — Executive power of the Union extends to subjects in the Union List, including FTAs.
• Article 253 — Parliament can make laws to implement international treaties & agreements.
• FEMA, 1999 — regulates foreign exchange and FDI; defence sector 100% FDI for select OEMs.
• Foreign Trade (D&R) Act, 1992 — statutory base for India’s foreign trade policy.
• WTO Agreements (1995) — MFN and National Treatment principles under GATT 1994.
• India-EFTA TEPA (2024) — first FTA tying market access to $100bn investment.
• IMEEC MoU (G20 Delhi, Sep 2023) — signed by India, US, EU, Saudi, UAE, France, Germany, Italy.

Why It Matters for CLAT 2027

High-probability passage angles:

• Distinction between FTA, CECA, CEPA, TEPA — classification favourite.
• Treaty-making power — Maganbhai Patel v Union of India (1969).
• Arctic governance, UNCLOS Article 234, and India’s Arctic Policy 2022.
• Foreign Direct Investment routes: automatic vs government approval.
• Map work: identifying Gothenburg, Oslo, The Hague, Rome.
• India-EU relations and Article 218 TFEU (treaty-making by EU).

Key Facts to Memorise

• Itinerary: Netherlands (May 15-17) → Sweden (17-18) → Norway (18-19) → Italy (19-20)
• Saab Carl-Gustaf plant: Jhajjar, Haryana (100% FDI)
• India-Nordic Summit-1: Stockholm, 2018
• India-Nordic Summit-2: Copenhagen, 2022; Summit-3 Oslo, 2026
• Nordic-5: Denmark + Sweden + Norway + Finland + Iceland
• EFTA-4: Norway + Iceland + Switzerland + Liechtenstein
• EU members: 27
• IMEEC launched: G20 Delhi, Sep 2023
• India-EU FTA concluded: 2026 (after 18 years)

Mnemonic / Quick Recall

“NSFI-D climbs the Nordic ladder”
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Iceland
Denmark
— the 5 Nordic states (alphabetical N-S-F-I-D).

Practice Quiz — 10 CLAT-Style Questions

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